Now what I’m doing is aligning the text layer with the icon/shape beneath it. Drag the icon up to beneath the text layer in the layers palette. You can now link them so they move together.

Now you can ‘align horizontal centers’ as shown. This will perfect center the text on the ‘shape’ layer. Layers must be linked in order to do this.

Now you can duplicate that text layer by dragging it to the new layer icon again. Do this a total of two times. Drag each new layer down again. Now you can select a layer by placing the (‘T’) cursor near the text to enter the ‘text editing field’ and change the text to something as shown.

You can also move each shape layer to right beneath the appropriate text layer in the layers palette. Keeping all these layers in a layer set keeps them more organized.

Here I’m just doing View: Rulers and then dragging over guidelines (from within the ruler space). This helps me align layers when ‘snap’ is on in the View menu. Yes, rhythm is a dancer.
As long as layers are in a set, you can Edit: Transform: Scale them all at once if you want to make them smaller (as such).

Press ‘I’ for the eyedropper (i-dropper). Choose one of those lighter colors as shown.  You can understand all of Photoshop's tools with my Discover Photoshop: Total Package training (with ALL the Photoshop Designer bonuses and treats).

Now create a new layer, get your circular marquee and holding Shift down create a small perfect circle. Now fill it with Alt/Opt Backspace (or even the paintbucket) with your chosen foreground color.
 

Now duplicate this layer a few more times by dragging it to the new layer icon.

Select a layer in the layers palette and holding the Shift key down, drag it to the right (Shift keeps it ‘tracking online’). Move it just to the right of the first circle/shape fill layer. Now in the layers palette, select another copy layer that is still on top of the original and drag that (with the Move tool) just to the right of the second circle layer. Do this one more time.

Now you can select each layer in the layers palette and make sure to Ctrl/Cmd click on the layer icon to get the marching ants. Now, for each layer choose a slightly different shade of green and ‘fill’ each as you know how.

As a Photoshop Designer, doing this leads the eye, adds more flava, more interest and just ‘makes sense’ as compared to just leaving them all the same color. Start thinking like this in everything that you do.